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The Monsoon and its Variability

The Monsoon and its Variability. Instructor: Prof. Sulochana Gadgil, Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, IISc Bangalore. In this course, observations of the monsoon and its variability on different spatial and temporal scales will be discussed. The necessary background for understanding the physics of the monsoon and its variability involves basic understanding of cloud systems in the tropics, tropical dynamics as well as of phenomena such as El Nino to which it is linked. After a detailed exposition of the background, the present understanding about the nature of the system responsible for the monsoon and mechanisms which lead to its variability will be elucidated. Skill of the state of art models in simulating and predicting the variability of the monsoon will be assessed and problems and prospects of improvement of predictions will be considered. In addition, the impact of the Indian monsoon on agriculture and the economy will be discussed. (from nptel.ac.in)

Lecture 09 - Evolution of the Ideas about the Basic System Responsible for the Indian Monsoon


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Introduction to the Indian Monsoon and its Variability
Lecture 01 - Preamble and Introduction to the Indian Monsoon
Lecture 02 - Nature of the Variability of the Indian Monsoon
Lecture 03 - Monsoon Variability through the Eye in the Sky, Seasonal Variation of the Surface Wind and Pressure
Background: Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature, Rotating Systems
Lecture 04 - Background about the Atmosphere and Rotating Systems
Tropical Convection and Rainfall
Lecture 05 - Rainfall and Clouds over the Tropics
Lecture 06 - Organization of Clouds over Mesoscale, Synoptic Scale and Planetary Scales
Basic System Responsible for the Monsoon
Lecture 07 - The Indian Monsoon: Is it a Gigantic Land-sea Breeze?
Lecture 08 - Monsoons and the Seasonal Variation of Tropical Circulation and Rainfall
Lecture 09 - Evolution of the Ideas about the Basic System Responsible for the Indian Monsoon
Lecture 10 - Evolution of the Ideas about the Basic System Responsible for the Indian Monsoon (cont.)
Tropical Convergence Zones (TCZs) and the Indian Monsoon
Lecture 11 - Tropical Convergence Zones and the Indian Monsoon
Lecture 12 - Tropical Convergence Zones and the Indian Monsoon
Convection over the Oceans
Lecture 13 - Variability of Organized Convection over the Tropical Oceans
Heat Lows, TCZ, Monsoonal Regions
Lecture 14 - Heat Lows and the TCZ
Lecture 15 - Monsoonal Regions of the World
Seasonal Transitions, Climatic Clusters
Lecture 16 - Seasonal Transitions - Spring to Summer Transition
Lecture 17 - Seasonal Transitions - Spring to Summer Transition (cont.)
Lecture 18 - Seasonal Transitions - Advance and Retreat of the Summer Monsoon
Lecture 19 - Climatic Clusters of the Indian Region
Intraseasonal Variation
Lecture 20 - Active-weak Spells and Breaks in the Monsoon
Lecture 21 - Active-weak Spells and Breaks in the Monsoon (cont.)
Lecture 22 - Intraseasonal Variation and Intraseasonal Oscillations
Background Tropical Oceans
Lecture 23 - The Tropical Oceans
El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Lecture 24 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 1
Lecture 25 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 2
Lecture 26 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 3
Lecture 27 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 4
Lecture 28 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 5
Lecture 29 - El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Part 6
Indian Ocean and the Monsoon
Lecture 30 - Indian Ocean and the Monsoon
Lecture 31 - Indian Ocean and the Monsoon (cont.)
Lecture 32 - Indian Ocean Dipole
Lecture 33 - Indian Ocean Dipole (cont.)
Interannual Variation of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Lecture 34 - Interannual Variation of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Monsoon Variability, Agriculture and Economy
Lecture 35 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 1
Lecture 36 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 2
Lecture 37 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 3
Lecture 38 - Monsoon Variability and Agriculture, Part 4
Lecture 39 - Indian Summer Monsoon, GDP and Agriculture
Monsoon Prediction and Concluding Remarks
Lecture 40 - Monsoon Prediction
Lecture 41 - Monsoon Prediction (cont.)
Lecture 42 - Concluding Remarks